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C. R. formula
C. Rajagopalachari's formula (or ''C. R. formula'' or ''Rajaji formula'') was a proposal formulated by Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari to solve the political deadlock between the All India Muslim League and Indian National Congress on independence of India from the British. The League's position was that the Muslims and Hindus of British India were of two separate nations and hence the Muslims had the right to their own nation when India obtained independence. The Congress, which included both Hindu and Muslim members, was opposed to the idea of partitioning India. With the advent of Second World War British administration required both parties to agree so that Indian help could be sought for the war efforts.
C. Rajagopalachari, a Congress leader from Madras, devised a proposal for the Congress to offer the League the Muslim Pakistan based on plebiscite of all the people in the regions where Muslims made a majority. Although the formula was opposed even within the Congress party, Gandhi used it as his proposal in his talks with Jinnah in 1944. However, Jinnah rejected the proposal and the talks failed.
==Congress and League==
The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 to "protect the interests of Muslim" in British India and to "represent their needs and aspirations to the Government".〔Singh, S p. 29〕 The Indian National Congress, formed in 1885 (holding membership from both Muslims and Hindus〔), had placed its demand for self-governance in India.〔Mishra VB, pp. 73 -75〕 In 1916, the League and the Congress entered into a pact where the League agreed to support the Congress' efforts for home rule in exchange for the Congress support to authorise a two electorate system〔Hardy, pp. 187–188〕 which would create constituencies where only Muslims could contest and vote.〔Dudley-Jenkins, p. 160〕 In the elections of 1937, Congress emerged as the largest party in seven of the 11 provinces with clear majority in five (Madras Presidency, Uttar Pradesh, Central Province, Bihar and Orissa).〔Shakoor, pp. 16 – 17〕 On the whole, Congress won 716 of the 1161 seats it contested. The Muslim League secured 4.8% of the total Muslim votes (winning 25% of the seats allotted for Muslims〔Kulke, p. 314〕) and did not acquire majority in any of the four Muslim predominant provinces (Punjab, Sind Province, North West Frontier Province and Bengal Presidency).〔 The Muslim League had hoped that its candidates will win the votes over the Congress in constituencies granted as separate Muslim electorates which did not turn true.〔 Since Congress had full majority in Hindu majority provinces, it refused to share power in the governments with the League in those provinces.〔Kulke, pp. 314 -315〕 The eventual disagreement led to a political tussle between the League and the Congress〔Shakoor, pp. 186- 189〕 climaxing with Lahore Resolution of the League in March 1940 calling for an independent Muslim nation carved out of British India.〔Shakoor, pp. 171 – 174〕
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